Литијум
3
Li
Група
1
Периода
2
Блок
s
Протони
Електрони
Неутрони
3
3
4
Општа својства
Атомски број
3
Атомска маса
6,941
Масени број
7
Категорија
Алкални метали
Боја
Сребрена
Радиоактиван
Не
From the Greek word lithos, stone
Кристална структура
Просторноцентрична Кубична
Историја
Lithium was discovered by Johann Arfvedson in 1817 when he was analyzing minerals from the island of Uto in Sweden.
The pure metal was isolated the following year by both Swedish chemist William Thomas Brande and English chemist Sir Humphry Davy working independently.
In 1855, larger quantities of lithium were produced through the electrolysis of lithium chloride by Robert Bunsen and Augustus Matthiessen.
The pure metal was isolated the following year by both Swedish chemist William Thomas Brande and English chemist Sir Humphry Davy working independently.
In 1855, larger quantities of lithium were produced through the electrolysis of lithium chloride by Robert Bunsen and Augustus Matthiessen.
Електрони по љусци
2, 1
Електронска конфигурација
[He] 2s1
Lithium is the only metal which reacts with nitrogen under normal conditions
Физичка својства
Стање
Чвсрто
Густина
0,534 g/cm3
Температура топљења
453,69 K | 180,54 °C | 356,97 °F
Температура кључања
1615,15 K | 1342 °C | 2447,6 °F
Топлота топљења
3 kJ/mol
Топлота испаравања
147 kJ/mol
Специфична топлота
3,582 J/g·K
Заступљеност у Земљиној кори
0,0017%
Заступљеност у Космосу
6×10-7%
CAS број
7439-93-2
ПубЦхем ЦИД број
3028194
Атомска својства
Атомски радијус
152 pm
Ковалентни радијус
128 pm
Електронегативност
0,98 (Полингова скала)
Јонизујући потенцијал
5,3917 eV
Молска запремина
13,10 cm3/mol
Топлотна проводљивост
0,847 W/cm·K
Оксидациона стања
1
Примена
Pure lithium metal is used in rechargeable lithium ion batteries.
Lithium stearate is used as an all-purpose and high-temperature lubricant.
Lithium is used in special glasses and ceramics.
Metallic lithium and its complex hydrides are used as high energy additives to rocket propellants.
Lithium stearate is used as an all-purpose and high-temperature lubricant.
Lithium is used in special glasses and ceramics.
Metallic lithium and its complex hydrides are used as high energy additives to rocket propellants.
Lithium is corrosive and requires special handling to avoid skin contact
Изотопи
Стабилни изотопи
6Li, 7LiНестабилни изотопи
4Li, 5Li, 8Li, 9Li, 10Li, 11Li, 12Li