Калцијум
20
Ca
Група
2
Периода
4
Блок
s
Протони
Електрони
Неутрони
20
20
20
Општа својства
Атомски број
20
Атомска маса
40,078
Масени број
40
Категорија
Земно-алкални метали
Боја
Сребрена
Радиоактиван
Не
From the Latin word calx, lime
Кристална структура
Површинскицентрична Кубична
Историја
Calcium was known as early as the first century when the Ancient Romans prepared lime as calcium oxide.
Calcium was first isolated by Sir Humphry Davy in 1808 when he electrolyzed a mixture of lime and mercuric oxide.
Davy was trying to isolate calcium; when he heard that Jöns Jakob Berzelius and Pontin prepared calcium amalgam by electrolyzing lime in mercury, he tried it himself.
Calcium was first isolated by Sir Humphry Davy in 1808 when he electrolyzed a mixture of lime and mercuric oxide.
Davy was trying to isolate calcium; when he heard that Jöns Jakob Berzelius and Pontin prepared calcium amalgam by electrolyzing lime in mercury, he tried it himself.
Електрони по љусци
2, 8, 8, 2
Електронска конфигурација
[Ar] 4s2
The shell of an egg is made up of primarily calcium carbonate
Физичка својства
Стање
Чвсрто
Густина
1,54 g/cm3
Температура топљења
1115,15 K | 842 °C | 1547,6 °F
Температура кључања
1757,15 K | 1484 °C | 2703,2 °F
Топлота топљења
8,54 kJ/mol
Топлота испаравања
155 kJ/mol
Специфична топлота
0,647 J/g·K
Заступљеност у Земљиној кори
5%
Заступљеност у Космосу
0,007%
Захвалности за слике: Wikimedia Commons (Matthias Zepper)
Pure calcium in a protective argon gas atmosphere
CAS број
7440-70-2
ПубЦхем ЦИД број
5460341
Атомска својства
Атомски радијус
197 pm
Ковалентни радијус
176 pm
Електронегативност
1,00 (Полингова скала)
Јонизујући потенцијал
6,1132 eV
Молска запремина
29,9 cm3/mol
Топлотна проводљивост
2,01 W/cm·K
Оксидациона стања
1, 2
Примена
Calcium is used to remove oxygen, sulfur and carbon from alloys.
It is also used as an alloying agent used in the production of aluminum, beryllium, copper, lead, and magnesium alloys.
Calcium is used as a reducing agent in the extraction of other metals, such as uranium, zirconium, and thorium.
Calcium carbonate is used in manufacturing cement and mortar, lime and limestone.
It is also used as an alloying agent used in the production of aluminum, beryllium, copper, lead, and magnesium alloys.
Calcium is used as a reducing agent in the extraction of other metals, such as uranium, zirconium, and thorium.
Calcium carbonate is used in manufacturing cement and mortar, lime and limestone.
Calcium is considered to be non-toxic
Изотопи
Стабилни изотопи
40Ca, 42Ca, 43Ca, 44Ca, 46CaНестабилни изотопи
34Ca, 35Ca, 36Ca, 37Ca, 38Ca, 39Ca, 41Ca, 45Ca, 47Ca, 48Ca, 49Ca, 50Ca, 51Ca, 52Ca, 53Ca, 54Ca, 55Ca, 56Ca, 57Ca