Калијум
19
K
Група
1
Периода
4
Блок
s
Протони
Електрони
Неутрони
19
19
20
Општа својства
Атомски број
19
Атомска маса
39,0983
Масени број
39
Категорија
Алкални метали
Боја
Сребрена
Радиоактиван
Не
From the English word, potash - pot ashes; Latin kalium, Arab qali, alkali
Кристална структура
Просторноцентрична Кубична
Историја
Potassium's symbol K comes from 'kalium' the name of the element in Germany and Scandinavia.
Potassium metal was first isolated in 1807 by Sir Humphry Davy, who derived it from caustic potash by the use of electrolysis of the molten salt with the newly discovered voltaic pile.
Potassium was the first metal that was isolated by electrolysis.
Potassium metal was first isolated in 1807 by Sir Humphry Davy, who derived it from caustic potash by the use of electrolysis of the molten salt with the newly discovered voltaic pile.
Potassium was the first metal that was isolated by electrolysis.
Електрони по љусци
2, 8, 8, 1
Електронска конфигурација
[Ar] 4s1
People whose diets are low in potassium can suffer from hypokalemia
Физичка својства
Стање
Чвсрто
Густина
0,862 g/cm3
Температура топљења
336,53 K | 63,38 °C | 146,08 °F
Температура кључања
1032,15 K | 759 °C | 1398,2 °F
Топлота топљења
2,33 kJ/mol
Топлота испаравања
76,9 kJ/mol
Специфична топлота
0,757 J/g·K
Заступљеност у Земљиној кори
1,5%
Заступљеност у Космосу
0,0003%
CAS број
7440-09-7
ПубЦхем ЦИД број
5462222
Атомска својства
Атомски радијус
227 pm
Ковалентни радијус
203 pm
Електронегативност
0,82 (Полингова скала)
Јонизујући потенцијал
4,3407 eV
Молска запремина
45,46 cm3/mol
Топлотна проводљивост
1,024 W/cm·K
Оксидациона стања
-1, 1
Примена
The greatest demand for potash has been in its use for fertilizers.
Potassium is an essential constituent for plant growth and is found in most soils.
Potassium nitrate is the main explosive ingredient in gunpowder.
Potassium hydroxide is used in the manufacture of soft soaps and as an electrolyte in alkaline batteries.
Potassium is an essential constituent for plant growth and is found in most soils.
Potassium nitrate is the main explosive ingredient in gunpowder.
Potassium hydroxide is used in the manufacture of soft soaps and as an electrolyte in alkaline batteries.
Potassium must be handled with great care with full skin and eye protection
Изотопи
Стабилни изотопи
39K, 41KНестабилни изотопи
32K, 33K, 34K, 35K, 36K, 37K, 38K, 40K, 42K, 43K, 44K, 45K, 46K, 47K, 48K, 49K, 50K, 51K, 52K, 53K, 54K, 55K