Торијум
90
Th
Група
н/д
Периода
7
Блок
f
Протони
Електрони
Неутрони
90
90
142
Општа својства
Атомски број
90
Атомска маса
232,03806
Масени број
232
Категорија
Актиноиди
Боја
Сребрена
Радиоактиван
Да
Named after Thor, Scandinavian god of war
Кристална структура
Површинскицентрична Кубична
Историја
Thorium was discovered by Jöns Jacob Berzelius in 1828, in Stockholm, Sweden.
Thorium was first observed to be radioactive in 1898, independently, by Polish-French physicist Marie Curie and German chemist Gerhard Carl Schmidt.
The crystal bar process was discovered by Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer in 1925 to produce high-purity metallic thorium.
Thorium was first observed to be radioactive in 1898, independently, by Polish-French physicist Marie Curie and German chemist Gerhard Carl Schmidt.
The crystal bar process was discovered by Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer in 1925 to produce high-purity metallic thorium.
Електрони по љусци
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 10, 2
Електронска конфигурација
[Rn] 6d2 7s2
Thorium fuel research is continuing in several countries including the USA and India
Физичка својства
Стање
Чвсрто
Густина
11,7 g/cm3
Температура топљења
2115,15 K | 1842 °C | 3347,6 °F
Температура кључања
5061,15 K | 4788 °C | 8650,4 °F
Топлота топљења
16 kJ/mol
Топлота испаравања
530 kJ/mol
Специфична топлота
0,113 J/g·K
Заступљеност у Земљиној кори
0,0006%
Заступљеност у Космосу
4×10-8%
Захвалности за слике: Wikimedia Commons (NASA/ESA/JHU/R.Sankrit & W.Blair)
The Earth's thorium originated in the death throes of ancient stars
CAS број
7440-29-1
ПубЦхем ЦИД број
23960
Атомска својства
Атомски радијус
179 pm
Ковалентни радијус
206 pm
Електронегативност
1,3 (Полингова скала)
Јонизујући потенцијал
6,3067 eV
Молска запремина
19,9 cm3/mol
Топлотна проводљивост
0,54 W/cm·K
Оксидациона стања
2, 3, 4
Примена
Thorium is used to coat tungsten filaments in light bulbs.
It is also used in its oxide form in gas tungsten arc welding to increase the high-temperature strength of tungsten electrodes and improve arc stability.
Thorium-magnesium alloys are used in the aerospace industry for aircraft engines.
It is also used in its oxide form in gas tungsten arc welding to increase the high-temperature strength of tungsten electrodes and improve arc stability.
Thorium-magnesium alloys are used in the aerospace industry for aircraft engines.
Thorium is highly radioactive
Изотопи
Стабилни изотопи
232ThНестабилни изотопи
209Th, 210Th, 211Th, 212Th, 213Th, 214Th, 215Th, 216Th, 217Th, 218Th, 219Th, 220Th, 221Th, 222Th, 223Th, 224Th, 225Th, 226Th, 227Th, 228Th, 229Th, 230Th, 231Th, 233Th, 234Th, 235Th, 236Th, 237Th, 238Th