Угљеник
6
C
Група
14
Периода
2
Блок
p
Протони
Електрони
Неутрони
6
6
6
Општа својства
Атомски број
6
Атомска маса
12,0107
Масени број
12
Категорија
Други неметали
Боја
Црно
Радиоактиван
Не
From the Latin word carbo, charcoal
Кристална структура
Једноставни Хескагонал
Историја
Carbon was discovered in prehistory and was known in the forms of soot and charcoal to the earliest human civilizations.
In 1772, Antoine Lavoisier showed that diamonds are a form of carbon; when he burned samples of charcoal and diamond and found that neither produced any water.
In 1779, Carl Wilhelm Scheele showed that graphite burned to form carbon dioxide and so must be another form of carbon.
In 1772, Antoine Lavoisier showed that diamonds are a form of carbon; when he burned samples of charcoal and diamond and found that neither produced any water.
In 1779, Carl Wilhelm Scheele showed that graphite burned to form carbon dioxide and so must be another form of carbon.
Електрони по љусци
2, 4
Електронска конфигурација
[He] 2s2 2p2
About 20% of the weight of living organisms is carbon
Физичка својства
Стање
Чвсрто
Густина
2,267 g/cm3
Температура топљења
3948,15 K | 3675 °C | 6647 °F
Температура кључања
4300,15 K | 4027 °C | 7280,6 °F
Топлота топљења
105 kJ/mol
Топлота испаравања
715 kJ/mol
Специфична топлота
0,709 J/g·K
Заступљеност у Земљиној кори
0,18%
Заступљеност у Космосу
0,5%
CAS број
7440-44-0
ПубЦхем ЦИД број
5462310
Атомска својства
Атомски радијус
67 pm
Ковалентни радијус
77 pm
Електронегативност
2,55 (Полингова скала)
Јонизујући потенцијал
11,2603 eV
Молска запремина
5,31 cm3/mol
Топлотна проводљивост
1,29 W/cm·K
Оксидациона стања
-4, -3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4
Примена
The major use of carbon other than food and wood is in the form of hydrocarbons, most notably the fossil fuel methane gas and crude oil.
Graphite is used for pencil tips, high temperature crucibles, dry cells, electrodes and as a lubricant.
Diamonds are used in jewelry and in industry for cutting, drilling, grinding, and polishing.
Carbon black is used as the black pigment in printing ink.
Graphite is used for pencil tips, high temperature crucibles, dry cells, electrodes and as a lubricant.
Diamonds are used in jewelry and in industry for cutting, drilling, grinding, and polishing.
Carbon black is used as the black pigment in printing ink.
Pure carbon has extremely low toxicity to humans and can be handled safely in the form of graphite or charcoal
Изотопи
Стабилни изотопи
12C, 13CНестабилни изотопи
8C, 9C, 10C, 11C, 14C, 15C, 16C, 17C, 18C, 19C, 20C, 21C, 22C