Ниобијум
41
Nb
Група
5
Периода
5
Блок
d
Протони
Електрони
Неутрони
41
41
52
Општа својства
Атомски број
41
Атомска маса
92,90638
Масени број
93
Категорија
Прелазни метали
Боја
Сива
Радиоактиван
Не
Named after Niobe, the daughter of Tantalu
Кристална структура
Просторноцентрична Кубична
Историја
Niobium was discovered by the English chemist Charles Hatchett in 1801 and named the new element columbium.
In 1846, German chemist Henrich Rose independently discovered the element and named it niobium.
The metal was first isolated by Swedish scientist Christian Wilhelm Blomstrand in 1864 who reduced the chloride by heating it in a hydrogen atmosphere.
In 1846, German chemist Henrich Rose independently discovered the element and named it niobium.
The metal was first isolated by Swedish scientist Christian Wilhelm Blomstrand in 1864 who reduced the chloride by heating it in a hydrogen atmosphere.
Електрони по љусци
2, 8, 18, 12, 1
Електронска конфигурација
[Kr] 4d4 5s1
Brazil is the leading producer of niobium
Физичка својства
Стање
Чвсрто
Густина
8,57 g/cm3
Температура топљења
2750,15 K | 2477 °C | 4490,6 °F
Температура кључања
5017,15 K | 4744 °C | 8571,2 °F
Топлота топљења
26,8 kJ/mol
Топлота испаравања
690 kJ/mol
Специфична топлота
0,265 J/g·K
Заступљеност у Земљиној кори
0,0017%
Заступљеност у Космосу
2×10-7%
CAS број
7440-03-1
ПубЦхем ЦИД број
23936
Атомска својства
Атомски радијус
146 pm
Ковалентни радијус
164 pm
Електронегативност
1,6 (Полингова скала)
Јонизујући потенцијал
6,7589 eV
Молска запремина
10,87 cm3/mol
Топлотна проводљивост
0,537 W/cm·K
Оксидациона стања
-1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Примена
Niobium is used in arc-welding rods for stabilized grades of stainless steel.
Niobium alloys are strong and are often used in pipeline construction.
The metal is used in superalloys for jet engines and heat resistant equipment.
Niobium is found in many medical devices such as pacemakers.
Niobium alloys are strong and are often used in pipeline construction.
The metal is used in superalloys for jet engines and heat resistant equipment.
Niobium is found in many medical devices such as pacemakers.
Some niobium compounds are highly toxic
Изотопи
Стабилни изотопи
93NbНестабилни изотопи
81Nb, 82Nb, 83Nb, 84Nb, 85Nb, 86Nb, 87Nb, 88Nb, 89Nb, 90Nb, 91Nb, 92Nb, 94Nb, 95Nb, 96Nb, 97Nb, 98Nb, 99Nb, 100Nb, 101Nb, 102Nb, 103Nb, 104Nb, 105Nb, 106Nb, 107Nb, 108Nb, 109Nb, 110Nb, 111Nb, 112Nb, 113Nb