Ванадијум
23
V
Група
5
Периода
4
Блок
d
Протони
Електрони
Неутрони
23
23
28
Општа својства
Атомски број
23
Атомска маса
50,9415
Масени број
51
Категорија
Прелазни метали
Боја
Сребрена
Радиоактиван
Не
Named after Scandinavian goddess, Vanadis
Кристална структура
Просторноцентрична Кубична
Историја
Vanadium was originally discovered by Andrés Manuel del Río in 1801.
In 1805, the French chemist Hippolyte Victor Collet-Descotils incorrectly declared that del Río's new element was only an impure sample of chromium.
In 1831, the Swedish chemist Nils Gabriel Sefström rediscovered the element in a new oxide he found while working with iron ores.
Later that same year, Friedrich Wöhler confirmed del Río's earlier work.
In 1805, the French chemist Hippolyte Victor Collet-Descotils incorrectly declared that del Río's new element was only an impure sample of chromium.
In 1831, the Swedish chemist Nils Gabriel Sefström rediscovered the element in a new oxide he found while working with iron ores.
Later that same year, Friedrich Wöhler confirmed del Río's earlier work.
Електрони по љусци
2, 8, 11, 2
Електронска конфигурација
[Ar] 3d3 4s2
Vanadium is mined mostly in South Africa, north-western China, and eastern Russia
Физичка својства
Стање
Чвсрто
Густина
6,11 g/cm3
Температура топљења
2183,15 K | 1910 °C | 3470 °F
Температура кључања
3680,15 K | 3407 °C | 6164,6 °F
Топлота топљења
22,8 kJ/mol
Топлота испаравања
453 kJ/mol
Специфична топлота
0,489 J/g·K
Заступљеност у Земљиној кори
0,019%
Заступљеност у Космосу
0,0001%
CAS број
7440-62-2
ПубЦхем ЦИД број
23990
Атомска својства
Атомски радијус
134 pm
Ковалентни радијус
153 pm
Електронегативност
1,63 (Полингова скала)
Јонизујући потенцијал
6,8281 eV
Молска запремина
8,78 cm3/mol
Топлотна проводљивост
0,307 W/cm·K
Оксидациона стања
-1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Примена
Vanadium is used as an additive in steel to strengthen and protect against corrosion.
Titanium-aluminum-vanadium alloy is used in jet engines and for high-speed aircraft.
Vanadium foil is used in cladding titanium to steel.
Vanadium pentoxide is used in ceramics and as a catalyst for the production of sulfuric acid.
Titanium-aluminum-vanadium alloy is used in jet engines and for high-speed aircraft.
Vanadium foil is used in cladding titanium to steel.
Vanadium pentoxide is used in ceramics and as a catalyst for the production of sulfuric acid.
All vanadium compounds should be considered toxic
Изотопи
Стабилни изотопи
51VНестабилни изотопи
40V, 41V, 42V, 43V, 44V, 45V, 46V, 47V, 48V, 49V, 50V, 52V, 53V, 54V, 55V, 56V, 57V, 58V, 59V, 60V, 61V, 62V, 63V, 64V, 65V