Тулијум
69
Tm
Група
н/д
Периода
6
Блок
f
Протони
Електрони
Неутрони
69
69
100
Општа својства
Атомски број
69
Атомска маса
168,93421
Масени број
169
Категорија
Лантаноиди
Боја
Сребрена
Радиоактиван
Не
Named after Thule, the earliest name for Scandinavia
Кристална структура
Једноставни Хескагонал
Историја
Thulium was discovered by Swedish chemist Per Teodor Cleve in 1879 by looking for impurities in the oxides of other rare earth elements.
The first researcher to obtain nearly pure thulium was Charles James, a British expatriate working on a large scale at New Hampshire College in Durham.
High-purity thulium oxide was first offered commercially in the late 1950s.
The first researcher to obtain nearly pure thulium was Charles James, a British expatriate working on a large scale at New Hampshire College in Durham.
High-purity thulium oxide was first offered commercially in the late 1950s.
Електрони по љусци
2, 8, 18, 31, 8, 2
Електронска конфигурација
[Xe] 4f13 6s2
Thulium ore occurs most commonly in China
Физичка својства
Стање
Чвсрто
Густина
9,321 g/cm3
Температура топљења
1818,15 K | 1545 °C | 2813 °F
Температура кључања
2223,15 K | 1950 °C | 3542 °F
Топлота топљења
16,8 kJ/mol
Топлота испаравања
250 kJ/mol
Специфична топлота
0,16 J/g·K
Заступљеност у Земљиној кори
0,000045%
Заступљеност у Космосу
1×10-8%
CAS број
7440-30-4
ПубЦхем ЦИД број
23961
Атомска својства
Атомски радијус
176 pm
Ковалентни радијус
190 pm
Електронегативност
1,25 (Полингова скала)
Јонизујући потенцијал
6,1843 eV
Молска запремина
18,1 cm3/mol
Топлотна проводљивост
0,168 W/cm·K
Оксидациона стања
2, 3
Примена
Thulium is used to dope yttrium aluminum garnets used in lasers.
It has also been used in high-temperature superconductors similarly to yttrium.
Thulium has use in ferrites, ceramic magnetic materials that are used in microwave equipment.
Thulium is used in euro banknotes for its blue fluorescence under UV light to defeat counterfeiters.
It has also been used in high-temperature superconductors similarly to yttrium.
Thulium has use in ferrites, ceramic magnetic materials that are used in microwave equipment.
Thulium is used in euro banknotes for its blue fluorescence under UV light to defeat counterfeiters.
Thulium is considered to be non-toxic
Изотопи
Стабилни изотопи
169TmНестабилни изотопи
145Tm, 146Tm, 147Tm, 148Tm, 149Tm, 150Tm, 151Tm, 152Tm, 153Tm, 154Tm, 155Tm, 156Tm, 157Tm, 158Tm, 159Tm, 160Tm, 161Tm, 162Tm, 163Tm, 164Tm, 165Tm, 166Tm, 167Tm, 168Tm, 170Tm, 171Tm, 172Tm, 173Tm, 174Tm, 175Tm, 176Tm, 177Tm, 178Tm, 179Tm