Галијум
31
Ga
Група
13
Периода
4
Блок
p
Протони
Електрони
Неутрони
31
31
39
Општа својства
Атомски број
31
Атомска маса
69,723
Масени број
70
Категорија
Пост-прелазни метали
Боја
Сребрена
Радиоактиван
Не
From the Latin word Gallia, France; also from Latin, gallus, a translation of Lecoq, a cock
Кристална структура
Базноцентрична Орторомбна
Историја
In 1871, existence of gallium was first predicted by Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev and called the element eka-aluminum.
Gallium was discovered spectroscopically by French chemist Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875 by its characteristic spectrum in an examination of a sphalerite sample.
Later that year, Lecoq obtained the free metal by electrolysis of its hydroxide in potassium hydroxide solution.
Gallium was discovered spectroscopically by French chemist Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875 by its characteristic spectrum in an examination of a sphalerite sample.
Later that year, Lecoq obtained the free metal by electrolysis of its hydroxide in potassium hydroxide solution.
Електрони по љусци
2, 8, 18, 3
Електронска конфигурација
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
Gallium has a strong tendency to supercool below its melting point / freezing point
Физичка својства
Стање
Чвсрто
Густина
5,907 g/cm3
Температура топљења
302,91 K | 29,76 °C | 85,57 °F
Температура кључања
2477,15 K | 2204 °C | 3999,2 °F
Топлота топљења
5,59 kJ/mol
Топлота испаравања
256 kJ/mol
Специфична топлота
0,371 J/g·K
Заступљеност у Земљиној кори
0,0019%
Заступљеност у Космосу
1×10-6%
CAS број
7440-55-3
ПубЦхем ЦИД број
5360835
Атомска својства
Атомски радијус
135 pm
Ковалентни радијус
122 pm
Електронегативност
1,81 (Полингова скала)
Јонизујући потенцијал
5,9993 eV
Молска запремина
11,8 cm3/mol
Топлотна проводљивост
0,406 W/cm·K
Оксидациона стања
1, 2, 3
Примена
Gallium wets glass or porcelain and forms a brilliant mirror when it is painted on glass.
It is widely used in doping semiconductors and producing solid-state devices such as transistors.
Low melting gallium alloys are used in some medical thermometers as non-toxic substitutes for mercury.
Gallium arsenide is capable of converting electricity directly into coherent light.
It is widely used in doping semiconductors and producing solid-state devices such as transistors.
Low melting gallium alloys are used in some medical thermometers as non-toxic substitutes for mercury.
Gallium arsenide is capable of converting electricity directly into coherent light.
Gallium is considered to be non-toxic
Изотопи
Стабилни изотопи
69Ga, 71GaНестабилни изотопи
56Ga, 57Ga, 58Ga, 59Ga, 60Ga, 61Ga, 62Ga, 63Ga, 64Ga, 65Ga, 66Ga, 67Ga, 68Ga, 70Ga, 72Ga, 73Ga, 74Ga, 75Ga, 76Ga, 77Ga, 78Ga, 79Ga, 80Ga, 81Ga, 82Ga, 83Ga, 84Ga, 85Ga, 86Ga